Status and development trend of functional composite fibers for nonwoven fabrics

Nonwovens is the youngest and most promising emerging field in the textile industry. Since the industrialization of nonwovens in the United States began in 1942, in the past half century, due to its short process flow and high output , Low cost, fast variety changes, wide range of raw materials and other characteristics, and also has many functions of excellent performance, has received great attention from industry departments and consumers.

The European Nonwovens and Disposable Products Trade Association made an assessment that the global nonwovens industry will reach an average annual growth rate of 8%. In 1998, the global output of non-woven fabrics was 2,462,100 tons, of which, the output of North America was 914,400 tons, which is the largest production and consumption market. It is followed by Europe, with an output of 836 thousand tons. China's total nonwoven production in 1998 reached 320,000 tons, an increase of about 10% over the 290,000 tons in 1997. It is expected that the output in 2000 will reach 370,000 tons, with an average growth rate of 7.5% over two years. The product models and uses of nonwovens in China, including Asia, and North America are very different. Nonwovens in North America are mostly used in disposable products, accounting for 68% of total sales and 62% of total output. Hygienic use. Western European non-woven fabric products are mostly used in durable products, and non-woven fabric consumption for long-term use accounts for about 65-70%, mostly used in woven fabrics, filter materials and construction materials. In Asia, about 75% of non-woven fabrics are used in durable products, the situation is the opposite of North America. The strength of South Korean non-woven fabrics lies on lining fabrics and related products. Taiwan non-woven fabrics are mostly used in shoe linings and artificial leather coatings. Most of China's non-woven fabric products are durable products, of which carpets and felt products account for most of the total output.
The application and development of non-woven fabrics are on the rise, providing a new opportunity and opportunity for the development and revitalization of China's textile industry. Chemical fiber accounts for 85% and natural fiber accounts for 15% of the fiber materials used in the production of nonwoven fabrics. The most used chemical fiber is polyester (accounting for about half of the total), polypropylene, viscose, polyvinyl alcohol and a small amount of polyamide. At present, due to the fact that domestically produced fibers are particularly suitable for the production of non-woven fabrics, such as differentiated, bicomponent, ultrafine, high temperature resistant, flame retardant, antistatic, antibacterial and deodorant, there are still few high-tech and high-functional fiber varieties, so corresponding The development of functional non-woven fabric products has been greatly restricted. Another reason for the lack of functional nonwoven fabric products in China is the lack of functional finishing agents and raw materials for Xu layering agents and the low performance. Although there are more than 900 non-woven production lines in China, there are non-woven production lines such as chemical bonding method, needle punching method, hot rolling method, stitching method, spun bonding method, melt blowing method, spunlace spunlace method, etc. However, it is basically a traditional nonwoven product. The equipment required by China's nonwoven industry cannot be fully self-sufficient, and the level of domestically produced equipment is not high. The production of functional non-woven fabrics needs to solve the three aspects of raw materials, equipment and processes. It belongs to high-value-added, high-tech non-woven fabric products and is still in its infancy in China.
The development of functional non-woven fabric products can be obtained through the mixed use of functional fiber raw materials, the structural composite of functional non-woven fabrics and ordinary non-woven fabrics, and the functional finishing of ordinary non-woven fabrics. Functional finishing is the fastest way to obtain functional non-woven fabric, but its function is not permanent, which is more suitable for disposable non-woven products. For disposable non-woven fabrics, attention should be paid to the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable raw materials. China's non-woven products have a large proportion of durable types. If the durable non-woven fabrics are sorted, their functions are easy to be lost during use. How to combine permanent functional fibers and permanent functional non-woven fabrics Obtaining permanent functional nonwoven products is also critical to the high performance and high functionality of China's nonwoven products in order to increase the types of nonwoven products and increase the added value of the products.

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