Strong geological methane emissions from terrestrial discontinuous permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada

Strong geological methane emissions from terrestrial discontinuous permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta, Canada

Summary

The Arctic permafrost covers a large amount of ancient geological methane (CH4) in the groundwater reservoir, while the melted permafrost opens the channel for the migration of CH4 to the surface. However, the occurrence of geological emissions and its promotion of current CH4 reserves, and, besides, the biological gene CH4 is still uncertain. Here, we show a CH4 flux map based on airborne CH4 flux (from July 2012 and 2013) located in the high-resolution (100m × 100m) region (10000 km2) of the Mackenzie Delta in Canada. ,. We found that in the discontinuous zone of permafrost, there is a strong possibility of separate geological emissions. The peak of these emissions is 14 times the peak of typical bio-emissions. The production of microbial CH4 is mainly dependent on the recent air and soil temperatures. Geological CH4 has been produced for more than millions of years and can provide open access throughout the year. Therefore, even though they occur only in about 1% of the area, geological hotspots contribute an estimated 17% to the annual CH4 emissions in our study area. We believe that this ratio may increase if thawing of permafrost opens up new avenues. We conclude that due to the thawing of frozen soil, areas rich in hydrocarbons that are prevalent in the Arctic may increase geological CH4 emissions and increase microbial CH4 production in the future.

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