Analysis of Coating Technology, Process and Management Improvement

Introduction The air spray method is the simplest and most basic one, and it is also a widely used spray method. Its main principle is to use compressed air (pressure 0.3-0.5 MPa) to flow through the nozzle, causing negative pressure around it. The pressure is applied so that the lacquer solution is sucked out and atomized due to the rapid diffusion of compressed air. Its spraying efficiency is the lowest in all spraying methods, generally in the range of 30% to 60%, and the most serious environmental pollution. With the air spray method, a considerable part of the paint is wasted due to atomization and scattering during spraying. This not only increases the manufacturing cost, but also increases the blockage of filter cotton in the spray booth and pollutes the environment and equipment. To improve the utilization rate of paint, the author believes that it must start with the painting method, painting process and coating management, and implement the whole process control in order to achieve good results.
1 Factors affecting paint utilization
1.1 Effect of Spraying Methods Air spray, high pressure airless spray, high pressure auxiliary gas spray (also known as mixed gas spray) and electrostatic spraying methods were compared and analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1.
It can be seen from Table 1 that different spraying methods have obvious differences in coating utilization due to different principles. Under the same conditions, high pressure auxiliary gas spraying (mixed air spray gun) is more efficient than air spray coating. Larger 10% to 20%; electrostatic spray than air spray coating utilization 30% to 40%.
1.2 Effect of Operational Skills The painter's operating skills affect the entire process of spraying: Before spraying, the operator's adjustment of the paint is applied to each knob of the PQ-2 spray gun, such as the paint control valve, air control valve and Fan-shaped control valve, etc.; in the spraying, the distance between the spray gun and the workpiece, the speed, uniform speed of the gun, and the grasp of the front and back spray overlaps; after spraying, the timely cleaning and maintenance of the spray gun. The pressure is generally controlled at about 0.5MPa, the paint volume is controlled at about 200mL/min, the gun speed is controlled at 300~450mm/s, the spray amplitude is controlled at about 150mm, the spray distance is controlled at 200~250mm, and the front and back spray overlap 1 /3 is ideal. The ability to master these skills will have a direct impact on paint utilization and the service life of the gun.
At present, the operating skills of spray painters in many companies are relatively low. There are two main reasons: (1) Some companies have centralized the paint coating process in units of products and implemented the “one-person, multi-energy” production model, which greatly reduced the number of spraying operations. Degree of specialization; (2) Spray painting is dirty, tiring, toxic, and harmful. Many people are unwilling to engage in this type of work, but after doing so, they have changed to other types of work. Based on the above reasons, the technical quality of the spray painter is not high, and the skill of the sprayer operation is not enough, resulting in overspray of paint mist, and frequent rework caused by missing spray, sagging, and unequal thickness of the paint film, plus the operator's awareness of conservation Thin, greatly reducing the utilization of paint.
1.3 Dispersion of painting sites The amount of coating used by a company is more than 30 tons per year. However, due to the dispersion of coating operations at 3 points, the batch volume of one-time spraying operations is small, which reduces the utilization of paint. Because each painting operation, the paint lost in the paint delivery tube, paint bucket, and spray gun is certain. The smaller the number of one-time jobs, the more jobs you need and the more you waste. In addition, the dispersion of coating sites has also affected the promotion and application of some new high-utility coating methods.
1.4 Influence of other factors The wind speed in the spray booth has an effect on the paint utilization rate. The wind speed range is 0.3 to 0.5 m/s when the paint utilization rate is maximum. From the measured situation, the wind speed in the spray booth is mostly around 0.3m/s, so the impact is small. In addition, the type of coating used, the shape and size of the workpiece have a certain influence on the utilization of the coating.
2 Improvement measures
2.1 Improvements in Spraying Methods Improvements in spraying methods are in fact the improvement of spray guns and their associated facilities. Taking into account a variety of spray gun utilization level, combined with the inner surface of the workpiece spray only primer, thickness greater than 50μm; outer surface spray primer, topcoat, the total thickness of more than 90μm features. In order to ensure product quality, after testing, the use of high pressure auxiliary air gun (mixed air spray gun) to replace the current air spray gun spray primer; electrostatic spray gun to replace the current air spray gun spray paint, under the same other factors, not only the use of paint The rate can be increased by more than 20%, and the quality of topcoats can be improved, and the amount of paint spray, dust and compressed air can be significantly reduced, thereby achieving both economic and environmental benefits. In addition, the use of high-pressure auxiliary gas guns can not only improve the utilization of paint, but also improve work efficiency. However, the following points must be noted during the operation: (1) The preparation and end times are relatively increased. The use of high-pressure paint buckets and high-pressure paint tubes to transport the paint liquid increases the preparation and end-of-life time, generally around 20 minutes. However, for high pressure auxiliary air spray guns, because its working efficiency is 1.5 times that of air spray guns, and one spray time is more than 1 hour, that is, when spraying more than 12 kg of paint, about 20 minutes of painting time can be saved; (2) Treatment of remaining paint in paint delivery tubes The paint (0.5kg or so) left in the pipeline during each cleaning and the amount of thinner used should be as continuous as possible, ie when used as large quantities as possible to reduce the number of cleanings. In actual operation, it is also possible to spray the paint in the pipeline by adding thinner in time, and the diluent can be reused after being filtered; (3) The electrostatic spray gun has a certain range of resistance values ​​for the paint, and the workpiece is well grounded. : The resistance of the paint is mainly adjusted by the thinner. The grounding is achieved through the hook or the dedicated grounding wire. But both of them are good or bad. All can be judged from the adsorption of the paint mist, so the problem can be found in time. . Generally about 20d need to clear a hook or ground wire; (4) general solvent-type electrostatic spray gun, mostly using the method of external power supply, so electrostatic spraying has hidden fire hazards. A new type of built-in electrostatic spray gun from Graco, USA, does not require an external power supply, and generates static electricity using compressed air, which is extremely safe. According to the manufacturer's introduction, in the case of a good grounding of the work piece, even if the spray gun is short-circuited with the electrode pin and the work piece, only a small amount of energy is released, only an arc light is generated without generating an electric spark, and there is no possibility of fire.
2.2 Improve the painting process To fully utilize the characteristics of high-pressure auxiliary gas guns (air mixing guns) or the high utilization rate of electrostatic spray gun coatings, whether it is possible to increase the number of one-time spraying operations is the key to the success of the application. The relatively centralized implementation of “painting operations” and the implementation of specialization of “spraying operations” are effective methods to increase the number of spraying operations.
An electric locomotive production company, referring to the European electric locomotive parts manufacturing experience, changed the painting process of the electrical branch company's coating product—the electrical cabinet body—from the original “pre-assembly, back paint” to “top coat,” After assembly." In this way, the coating points of electrical branch companies can be removed, the painting operation points can be more centralized, and the utilization rate of paint can be increased. At the same time, the manufacturing process and quality of the products can be improved.
2.3 Standard coating management After the switch to this new type of spray gun, it is estimated that a total of 250,000 yuan will be invested. According to the annual consumption of 2 million yuan of paint, if the 20% savings is calculated, all investments can be recovered within one year. However, improving the utilization rate of paints and just improving the coating method from the hardware is not enough. From the air spray gun to the high pressure auxiliary air spray gun (mixed air spray gun) to the electrostatic spray gun, the hardware performance has been greatly improved, but also put forward the corresponding requirements for the software environment - the quality of the staff and management. Because the more advanced the spraying equipment, the higher the standardization of operation and maintenance, otherwise, even the best equipment performance is difficult to get full play. To fundamentally improve the utilization rate of coatings, it is necessary to establish standardized management measures and seriously do the following: (1) Intensify the training of paint spraying operators and improve their operational skills, and timely introduce paint professional from vocational colleges. Graduates improve the overall quality of operators. The personnel responsible for determining or designating the personnel through competition shall be responsible for the use of high-pressure auxiliary air spray guns and electrostatic spray guns; (2) Specializing in spraying operations. In order to reduce the number of guns and the number of cleanings, and to make use of the advantages of the new guns for large-volume operations, it is necessary to focus as much as possible on the original independent spraying operations. For this reason, the management must separate the working hours of the spraying process from the other processes of the product, list them separately or combine them, establish a new spraying method (occupying more than 85% of the actual operation volume), and supplement the original air spray gun with the production operation mode. Considering the urgent need of production, under certain circumstances, it is still allowed to use air spray guns within a small range (should be controlled within 15%); (3) Establish daily maintenance and maintenance of spraying equipment Responsibility system: at least 20,000 due to the relatively high price of new spray guns More than yuan, and operation, cleaning is not in place, it is easy to damage, therefore, to do special people; (4) the establishment of paint consumption reward and punishment system. In order to increase employees' awareness of saving and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of operators, in addition to carrying out the necessary education, it is also necessary to establish a paint consumption system that saves prizes. Formulate the consumption quota of paint for different types of products, and register the consumption of each painted part and paint, especially the paint for rework, and conduct regular assessments. If a two-component coating is used, the two components must be mixed before spraying. After mixing, the two components must be used up within 4 to 6 hours. Otherwise, the remaining paint will solidify into pieces and cannot be used. Therefore, it is necessary to issue quotas on the basis of the product, and to call quality adjustment, so as to reduce the amount of paint that is wasted in the bucket to the allowable range.
3 Conclusion Paint utilization is mainly related to the selected spray method, but also affected by the operator's skills, awareness of saving, a one-time spraying batch and management measures, etc., in the selection of high-pressure auxiliary gas spraying method (mixed gas spraying) or static electricity Spraying method instead of the current air spray method at the same time, the timely introduction of necessary management measures, the formulation of paint consumption quotas and paint consumption rewards and punishments and other supporting management measures, can maximize the utilization of paint.

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