(1) Print media (2) Print size (3) Requirements for content flattening (plate making) (4) Color and ink color (5) Printing method Since the invention of woodcut printing technology in China, the printing methods have been changing with each passing day. The most commonly used industrial printing methods today are: 1. Offset printing (also known as offset printing) A type of lithography, which can clearly restore the color, contrast and gradation of the original with high precision, is the most common paper printing method at present. It is suitable for posters, introductions, manuals, newspapers, packaging, books, magazines, calendars and other related color prints. 2. Letterpress printing 3. Screen printing One of the stencil printing technology, the printing ink is particularly thick, and the most suitable for making special effects. The quantity is not large and the ink color needs density is particularly suitable. It can also be printed on three-dimensional surfaces, such as square boxes, boxes, round bottles, cans, etc. In addition to paper, it can also be printed cloth, plastic fabric, plywood, film, metal sheet, glass, etc. Common new products include banners, pennants, T-shirts, corrugated cardboard boxes, soda bottles and circuit boards. The flexibility of screen printing is unmatched by other printing methods. 4. Rubber printing 5. Gravure printing (6) Binding method Slide rail (plastic clip type) The same content, different cover production and binding methods produce different results. Of course, if you can communicate and cooperate closely with suppliers, establish a tacit understanding and a clear cooperative relationship, you will be more confident to obtain the expected quality of printed materials and reduce production costs. But the following common problems should be avoided: (1) The printed matter is not in a hurry; If you have a deeper understanding of the graphic printing process, it will be easier to understand the production requirements of the supplier; or communicate more with the supplier and consult relevant professional advice, so that the printed matter can be completed smoothly and according to your own needs.
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Nonetheless, thanks to the revolution in the electronics industry over the past decade or so, modern graphic printing technology has also undergone earth-shaking changes to cater to the needs of the market climate, including: (1) short production cycle; (2) on-demand printing ( Print as much as you need), without keeping too much inventory; (3) a larger proportion of short-run work (that is, small quantity and fragmented printing work); (4) customers and graphic printing companies (such as Fuyunda) ) Closer cooperation. Note: Thanks to the development and popularity of fashionable design and typesetting software (such as Adobe Pagemaker typesetting soft Photoshop image processing software).
Today's customers are more aware of and easier to master pre-press layout design work than before. Many marketing agencies in multinational companies have staff responsible for design and layout tasks.
Most of these reforms use high-tech electronics and computer technology to make the process more intuitive and accessible, the production process is simplified, the production cycle is greatly shortened, the labor and economic costs are relatively reduced, the quality control is more precise, and the more complex Printing visual and texture effects can also be achieved.
Factors affecting the effect and price of printed matter:
In addition to the production and quality control processes, the factors listed below can significantly affect the production cost and final effect of any printed matter, and the customer is the ultimate decision maker of these factors: (1) Print media quality (generally refers to paper quality) ---- This is related to the vision, texture and printing method; (2) The size of the printed matter is related to the specifications of the media material (such as paper size); (3) The requirements for the flattening of the content-simple layout or complex grouping; (4) Color and ink color --- black and white, color, whether color separation is required. Ordinary ink, glossy ink or special printing ink such as gold, silver, fluorescent and other printing inks; (5) Printing methods --- offset printing, letterpress, gravure printing, screen printing, stupid ammonia printing, digital printing, electrostatic laser printing , Inkjet printing, etc .; (6) binding method --- hot-melt glue binding, saddle stitching, thread binding, hardcover, etc .; (7) quantity ---- paper printing is usually printed from every thousand, a small amount of each Hundreds.
Of course, the amount of printing required by the customer directly affects the feasibility of the other six options and whether the manufacturing cost is economical, but after all, under a reasonable amount of printing, the amount will not affect the final effect of the printed matter too much. Let us briefly look at the other six elements:
In the process of graphic printing and printing, the selection of print media is a very important part. The printing effect and cost of the finished product will also be affected by the printing method and the printing media used, so there should be a basic understanding of the printing media.
There are many types of printing media, the most common of which are paper and cardboard, followed by cloth, fiber materials, plastic sheets (films), metal skins, and surfaces of various electrical appliances that are common in daily life.
The media currently used for printing is mainly paper. Various types of paper have their own uses, and there are many types of paper, including "coated paper" (commonly known as "powder paper") commonly used in high-end color printing, which is a chemically coated paper that is pressed by a roller. The surface is extremely smooth and shiny. Therefore, it is also commonly called "bright coated paper". The surface of the glossy coated paper can be treated with additional processing to obtain a very smooth but non-glossy effect. It is called "matte coated paper" (commonly known as 'matt powder paper') and is suitable for color printing of fine dots.
The classification of paper is generally divided into the following points: (1) paper quality, (2) weight, (3) paper size and (4) use. The name of the paper is often named according to the purpose; in addition to coated paper, there are book paper, book-filled paper, newsprint, cardboard, book cover paper and special leather paper (such as British "Gang Gu" paper). The weight range depends on the application. It can be from the thinnest 45gsm (grams per square meter) to 300gsm thick cardboard. The sheets used for color printing are usually 128gsm or 157gsm, black and white printing is 80gsm to 128gsm, letter paper is 70gsm to 120gsm, envelope paper is 100gsm to 160gsm, and business card paper is 160gsm to 250gsm. Paper weights for printed books are usually slightly lighter than printed leaflets.
The choice of paper affects the printing method, ink and other post-press processing techniques, including the cost of delivering printed materials.
The size and thickness of the printed product directly affect its appearance, production process and production methods. In a large number of tasks, the selection of materials should be as close as possible to the finished product size specifications, so as not to waste materials (paper) and incur additional processes.
The selection of pictures, the use of fonts, and the arrangement and combination of pictures and texts will affect the final print's visual form, subject awareness, and overall communication effect.
How to choose and combine the elements of the above-mentioned print content depends on the information that the customer wants to pass to the audience through the print and the expected communication effect, as well as the communication art methods provided by the designer.
There are basically two ways to express the desired color with printing ink: (1) Use the basic four-color ink for printing color, mix dots and overlapping overprint, and make the desired color tone; (2) Mix the printing ink, use special Color printing, using solid colors or dots to express colors. These two methods are different in print design, color designation or plate making method.
In principle, color printing uses four basic colors --- yellow (YELLOW), magenta (MAGENTA), cyan (CYAN) and black (BLACK) overlapping overprint to produce kaleidoscopic colors. Therefore, through color separation plate making and four-color overlapping reduction, color prints can faithfully reproduce the color tone of color photos. However, some special colors such as gold, silver and fluorescent colors cannot be composed of basic four-color ink overprint, but must be printed by spot color ink.
In monochrome prints, in addition to the deepest solid and white, different shades can be used to make different shades of gray (halftone) to express the level of the image. The expressive power of multi-color printing is better than that of monochrome, but it must be properly applied and specified to obtain the desired effect; you should find some standard color overprinting guides for reference when designing, and use appropriate dots to increase its color The change.
The ink color on the printed matter can be expressed by the dot ratio of each basic color in the "four-color mixing table". However, different types of inks, media, printing methods and production equipment may print different "four-color mixing tables", so a standardized and professional method is needed to develop a set of "four-color mixing tables" or "color standards" As a recognized reference standard, so that everyone can communicate the ink color accurately through a unified color language.
The American company PANTONE¤R is an expert in formulating a "color mark system" and provides a variety of four-color, six-color and spot color "color mark" manuals printed in different media for the leaders in the printing industry.
In addition to selecting the appropriate printing media (paper) and ink, the final effect of the printed matter still needs to be completed by appropriate printing methods.
There are many types of printing, different methods, different operations, and different costs and effects. The current printing methods can be divided into four major categories: letterpress, intaglio, lithographic and stencil printing: (1) letterpress printing, the printing pattern is higher than non-printing pattern (2) gravure printing, the printing pattern is recessed on the surface (3) lithography There are no protrusions or depressions in the imprint (4) stencil printing, the imprint of the ink through the hole.
A type of letterpress printing technology is generally used when there are many texts, few photos and pictures, large opportunities for text changes, and few prints. It is suitable for printing small batches of invitation cards, business cards, labels and small packaging boxes. The traditional serial number printing and small trademark overprinting are all carried out in letterpress.
One type of letterpress printing is only suitable for printing plastic bags, labels and large and small plastic packaging. Usually, the media input to the rubber plate printing machine is packaged instead of single sheet, and it must be cut one by one after printing. The fineness of printed dots and lines is far less than that of offset and letterpress printing, and it cannot be used to print books and periodicals.
Suitable for printing high-quality and expensive prints, whether it is color or black and white pictures, the gravure printing effect can be comparable to photographs. Because the plate-making cost is expensive and the printing volume must be large, it is also one of the less commonly used methods. It is suitable for printing securities, stocks, gift certificates, commercial credit certificates or stationery.
Technology is developing rapidly, and today we can use some of the above printing methods through the computer to directly output on the media. The electrostatic imaging and the maturity of laser technology make it possible to achieve "on-demand printing" with high quality requirements in small batches.
The definition of binding is to make printed books and periodicals connected in order, making them strong, beautiful, easy to read and save. Binding also includes many other post-printing processes for printed products, such as bronzing, embossing, die cutting, digging the moon, cutting corners, crimping, attaching sticker bags, and punching.
When making product introduction books, advertising brochures and annual reports, etc., customers must start to consider according to their purpose of use, content, number of pages, paper quality and their weight, size, thickness, etc. If you have a certain understanding of the binding method, you can get twice the result with half the effort in design and layout.
The most common binding methods in the office are flat binding (stapler) binding, rubber ring binding, iron ring binding, (file folder) loose-leaf ring binding, slide rail (plastic folder) binding and hot-melt cover binding. For more serious documents, you can use hot-melt adhesive strip binding or use the hardcover book cover as the cover and back cover of the catheter binding method.
The production of a large number of industrial binding methods include saddle stitching, wireless hot-melt glue binding, stitching (locking) binding and hardcover hardcover (such as large dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc.).
Because bookbinding is the last and most influential process of the graphic printing process, the binding method and materials must be carefully selected, and the quality of the production must be strictly controlled so as to avoid the last mistakes and waste the results of all previous processes.
Hot melt adhesive strip:
Conduit binding hot melt cover loose-leaf ring binding flat binding binding aprons binding iron ring binding saddle stitch binding
(2) If the manuscript to be printed is not fully prepared, it will be printed;
(3) Always ask to keep the price as low as possible;
(4) Manuscripts with mud and water can not be sent out at one time;
(5) Modify the manuscript at any time.
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Graphic printing process-showing advantages in complexity and trouble
Although computerization and digitization have simplified or deleted part of the traditional graphic copying and color printing processes in the current era, and have reduced many air and noise pollutions and liberated human labor, the graphic printing is still a This is a relatively complicated and cumbersome task.